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英語(yǔ)的修辭手法
英語(yǔ)中有哪些修辭手法?這些修辭手法的例句是怎樣的?下面是小編整理的英語(yǔ)中修辭手法的相關(guān)內(nèi)容，僅供參考。
英語(yǔ)的修辭手法1
1、Simile 明喻
明喻是將具有共性的不同事物作對(duì)比.這種共性存在于人們的心里,而不是事物的自然屬性.
標(biāo)志詞常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.
例如:
�、貶e was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.
�、贗 wandered lonely as a cloud.
�、跡instein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.
2、Metaphor 隱喻,暗喻
隱喻是簡(jiǎn)縮了的明喻,是將某一事物的名稱(chēng)用于另一事物,通過(guò)比較形成.
例如:
①Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.
�、赟ome books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.
3、Metonymy 借喻,轉(zhuǎn)喻
借喻不直接說(shuō)出所要說(shuō)的事物,而使用另一個(gè)與之相關(guān)的事物名稱(chēng).
I.以容器代替內(nèi)容,例如:
�、賂he kettle boils. 水開(kāi)了.
�、赥he room sat silent. 全屋人安靜地坐著.
II.以資料.工具代替事物的名稱(chēng),例如:
Lend me your ears, please. 請(qǐng)聽(tīng)我說(shuō).
III.以作者代替作品,例如:
a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亞全集
VI.以具體事物代替抽象概念,例如:
I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力氣,他們就用我的力氣賺錢(qián).
4、Synecdoche 提喻
提喻用部分代替全體,或用全體代替部分,或特殊代替一般.
例如:
�、賂here are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整體)
他的廠(chǎng)里約有100名工人.
�、贖e is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般)
他是本世紀(jì)的牛頓.
�、跿he fox goes very well with your cap.(整體代部分)
這狐皮圍脖與你的帽子很相配.
5、Synaesthesia 通感,聯(lián)覺(jué),移覺(jué)
這種修辭法是以視.聽(tīng).觸.嗅.味等感覺(jué)直接描寫(xiě)事物.通感就是把不同感官的感覺(jué)溝通起來(lái)，借聯(lián)想引起感覺(jué)轉(zhuǎn)移，“以感覺(jué)寫(xiě)感覺(jué)”。通感技巧的運(yùn)用，能突破語(yǔ)言的局限，豐富表情達(dá)意的`審美情趣，起到增強(qiáng)文采的藝術(shù)效果。比如：欣賞建筑的重復(fù)與變化的樣式會(huì)聯(lián)想到音樂(lè)的重復(fù)與變化的節(jié)奏;聞到酸的東西會(huì)聯(lián)想到尖銳的物體;聽(tīng)到飄渺輕柔的音樂(lè)會(huì)聯(lián)想到薄薄的半透明的紗子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“ 微風(fēng)過(guò)處送來(lái)縷縷清香,仿佛遠(yuǎn)處高樓上渺茫的歌聲似的”。
例如:
①The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice.(用視覺(jué)形容聽(tīng)覺(jué)，鳥(niǎo)落在樹(shù)上，由它發(fā)出的聲音聯(lián)想到百合花)
鳥(niǎo)兒落在樹(shù)上,傾瀉出百合花似的聲音.
②Taste the music of Mozart.(用嗅覺(jué)形容聽(tīng)覺(jué))
品嘗Mozart的音樂(lè).
6、Personification 擬人
擬人是把生命賦予無(wú)生命的事物.
例如:
�、賂he night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.(把夜擬人化)
②I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.(把鳥(niǎo)擬人化)
7、Hyperbole 夸張
夸張是以言過(guò)其實(shí)的說(shuō)法表達(dá)強(qiáng)調(diào)的目的.它可以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì),增加表達(dá)效果..
例如:
①I(mǎi) beg a thousand pardons.
�、贚ove you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.
�、踂hen she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.
8、Parallelism 排比, 平行
這種修辭法是把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的結(jié)構(gòu)大體相同或相似,意思相關(guān),語(yǔ)氣一致的短語(yǔ).句子排列成串,形成一個(gè)整體.
例如:
�、貼o one can be perfectly free till all are free; no one can be perfectly moral till all are moral; no one can be perfectly happy till all are happy.
�、贗n the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them. In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.
9、Euphemism 委婉,婉辭法
婉辭法指用委婉,文雅的方法表達(dá)粗惡,避諱的話(huà).
例如:
�、貶e is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.
�、贖is relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他與妻子關(guān)系不融洽.
③Deng Xiaoping passed away in 1997. (去世)
10、Allegory 諷喻,比方(原意“寓言”)
建立在假借過(guò)去或別處的事例與對(duì)象之上，傳達(dá)暗示，影射或者譏諷現(xiàn)世各種現(xiàn)象的含義。
英文解釋?zhuān)篴n expressive style that uses fictional characters and events to describe some subject by suggestive
resemblances; an extended metaphor 摘自英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)業(yè)《大學(xué)英語(yǔ)教程》一書(shū)
這是一種源于希臘文的修辭法,意為"換個(gè)方式的說(shuō)法".它是一種形象的描述,具有雙重性,表層含義與真正意味的是兩回事.
例如:
�、費(fèi)ake the hay while the sun shines.
表層含義：趁著出太陽(yáng)的時(shí)候曬草
真正意味：趁熱打鐵
②It's time to turn plough into sword.
表層含義：是時(shí)候把犁變成劍
11、Irony 反語(yǔ)
反語(yǔ)指用相反意義的詞來(lái)表達(dá)意思的作文方式.如在指責(zé)過(guò)失.錯(cuò)誤時(shí),用贊同過(guò)失的說(shuō)法,而在表?yè)P(yáng)時(shí),則近乎責(zé)難的說(shuō)法.
例如:
①I(mǎi)t would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning.
早上沒(méi)有時(shí)間觀(guān)念還真是一件好事啊(真實(shí)含義是應(yīng)該明確早上的時(shí)間觀(guān)念)
�、�"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar.
12、Pun 雙關(guān)
雙關(guān)就是用一個(gè)詞在句子中的雙重含義,借題發(fā)揮.作出多種解釋,旁敲側(cè)擊,從而達(dá)到意想不到的幽默.滑稽效果.它主要以相似的詞形.詞意和諧音的方式出現(xiàn).
例如:
�、賁he is too low for a high praise, too brown for a fair praise and too little for a great praise.
②An ambassador is an honest man who lies abroad for the good of his country.
�、跧f we don't hang together, we shall hang separately.
13、Parody 仿擬
這是一種模仿名言.警句.諺語(yǔ),改動(dòng)其中部分詞語(yǔ),從而使其產(chǎn)生新意的修辭.
例如:
�、賀ome was not built in a day, nor in a year.
�、贏 friend in need is a friend to be avoided.
③If you give a girl an inch nowadays she will make address of it.
14、Rhetorical question 修辭疑問(wèn)(反問(wèn))
它與疑問(wèn)句的不同在于它并不以得到答復(fù)為目的,而是以疑問(wèn)為手段,取得修辭上的效果,其特點(diǎn)是:肯定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈否定,而否定問(wèn)句表示強(qiáng)烈的肯定.它的答案往往是不言而喻的.
例如:
①How was it possible to walk for an hour through the woods and see nothing worth of note?
�、赟hall we allow those untruths to go unanswered?
15、Antithesis 對(duì)照,對(duì)比,對(duì)偶
這種修辭指將意義完全相反的語(yǔ)句排在一起對(duì)比的一種修辭方法.
例如:
�、貼ot that I loved Caeser less but that I loved Romemore.
�、赮ou are staying; I am going.
�、跥ive me liberty, or give me death.
16、Paradox 雋語(yǔ)
這是一種貌似矛盾,但包含一定哲理的意味深長(zhǎng)的說(shuō)法,是一種矛盾修辭法..
例如:
�、費(fèi)ore haste, less speed.欲速則不達(dá)
�、赥he child is the father to the man.(童年時(shí)代可決定人之未來(lái))三歲看大，四歲看老。
17、Oxymoron 反意法,逆喻
這也是一種矛盾修辭法,用兩種不相調(diào)和的特征形容一個(gè)事物,以不協(xié)調(diào)的搭配使讀者領(lǐng)悟句中微妙的含義.
例如:
�、貼o light, but rather darkness visible.沒(méi)有光亮，黑暗卻清晰可見(jiàn)
�、赥he state of this house is cheerless welcome.
18、Climax 漸進(jìn)法,層進(jìn)法
這種修辭是將一系列詞語(yǔ)按照意念的大小.輕重.深淺.高低等逐層漸進(jìn),最后達(dá)到頂點(diǎn).可以增強(qiáng)語(yǔ)勢(shì),逐漸加深讀者印象.
例如:
�、買(mǎi) am sorry, I am so sorry, I am so extremely sorry.
�、贓ye had not seen nor ear heard, and nothing had touched his heart of stone.
19、Anticlimax 漸降法
與climax相反的一種修辭法,將一系列詞語(yǔ)由大到小,由強(qiáng)到弱地排列.
例如:
�、貽n his breast he wears his decorations, at his side a sword, on his feet a pair of boots.
�、赥he duties of a soldier are to protect his country and peel potatoes.
英語(yǔ)的修辭手法2
1.比喻(metaphor)
比喻就是打比方�？煞譃槊饔骱桶涤鳎�
明喻(simile)：
用like, as, as...as, as if(though)或用其他詞語(yǔ)指出兩個(gè)不同事物的相似之處。例如：
O my love’s like a red, red rose.我的愛(ài)人像一朵紅紅的玫瑰花。
The man can’t be trusted. He is as slippery as an eel.那個(gè)人不可信賴(lài)。他像鰻魚(yú)一樣狡猾。
He jumped as if he had been stung.他像被蜇了似的跳了起來(lái)。
Childhood is like a swiftly passing dream.童年就像一場(chǎng)疾逝的夢(mèng)。
暗喻(metaphor)：
用一個(gè)詞來(lái)指代與該詞所指事物有相似特點(diǎn)的另外一個(gè)事物。例如：
He has a heart of stone.他有一顆鐵石心腸。
The world is a stage.世界是一個(gè)大舞臺(tái)。
2.換喻(metonymy)
用某一事物的名稱(chēng)代替另外一個(gè)與它關(guān)系密切的事物的名稱(chēng)，只要一提到其中一種事物，就會(huì)使人聯(lián)想到另一種。比如用the White House代替美國(guó)政府或者總統(tǒng)，用the bottle來(lái)代替wine或者alcohol，用the bar來(lái)代替the legal profession，用crown代替king等。例如：
His purse would not allow him that luxury.他的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件不允許他享受那種奢華。
The mother did her best to take care of the cradle.母親盡最大努力照看孩子。
He succeeded to the crown in 1848.他在1848年繼承了王位。
3.提喻(synecdoche)
指用部分代表整體或者用整體代表部分，以特殊代表一般或者用一般代表特殊。例如：
He earns his bread by writing.他靠寫(xiě)作掙錢(qián)謀生。
The farms were short of hands during the harvest season.在收獲季節(jié)里農(nóng)場(chǎng)缺乏勞動(dòng)力。
Australia beat Canada at CRIcket.澳大利亞隊(duì)在板球比賽中擊敗了加拿大隊(duì)。
He is the Newton of this century.他是這個(gè)世紀(jì)的牛頓。
4.擬人(personification)
把事物或者概念當(dāng)作人或者具備人的'品質(zhì)的寫(xiě)法叫擬人。例如：
My heart was singing.我的心在歌唱。
This time fate was smiling to him.這一次命運(yùn)朝他微笑了。
The flowers nodded to her while she passed.當(dāng)她經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)候花兒向她點(diǎn)頭致意。
The wind whistled through the trees.風(fēng)穿過(guò)樹(shù)叢，樹(shù)葉嘩嘩作響。
5.委婉(euphemism)
用溫和的、間接的詞語(yǔ)代替生硬的、粗俗的詞語(yǔ)，以免直接說(shuō)出不愉快的事實(shí)冒犯別人或者造成令人窘迫、沮喪的局面。例如：
用to fall asleep; to cease thinking; to pass away; to go to heaven; to leave us代替to die
用senior citizens代替old people
用a slow learner或者an under achiever代替a stupid pupil
用weight watcher代替fat people
用mental hospital代替madhouse或者asylum
用emotionally disturbed代替mad
用washroom, men’s / women’s room代替lavatory
用handicapped代替CRIppled
用low income brackets; underprivileged; disadvantaged代替poor people
6.雙關(guān)(pun)
用同音異義或者一詞二義來(lái)達(dá)到詼諧幽默的效果：表面上是一個(gè)意思，而實(shí)際上卻暗含另一個(gè)意思，這種暗含的意思才是句子真正的目的所在。例如：
A cannonball took off his legs, so he laid down his arms. (arms可指手臂或者武器)
一發(fā)炮彈打斷了他的腿，所以他繳械投降了。
“Can I try on that gown in the window?” asked a would-be customer.
“Certainly not, madam!” replied the salesman.我可以試穿一下櫥窗里的那件睡袍嗎？或者：我可以在櫥窗里試穿那件睡袍嗎？
Seven days without water make one weak (week).七天沒(méi)有水使一個(gè)人虛弱�；蛘撸浩咛鞗](méi)有水就是一周沒(méi)有水。
7.反語(yǔ)(irony)
使用與真正意義相反的詞，正話(huà)反說(shuō)或者反話(huà)正說(shuō)，從對(duì)立的角度運(yùn)用詞義來(lái)產(chǎn)生特殊的效果。下面就是莎士比亞的戲劇Julius Caesar中的一個(gè)運(yùn)用反語(yǔ)的很好的例子，Brutus出于野心刺殺了Caesar, Caesar的好友Antony譏諷Brutus說(shuō)：
Here, under leave of Brutus and the rest—
For Brutus is an honorable man;
So are they all, all honorable men—
Come I to speak in Caesar’s funeral.
He was my friend, faithful and just to me:
But Brutus says he was ambitious;
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